The nonce is an important part of EVM accounts. Know how it is managed — Have you ever been greeted with the following error when sending a web3 transaction in Node? replacement fee too low [ See: https://links.ethers.org/v5-errors-REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED ] or the tx doesn’t have the correct nonce. account has nonce of: 95 tx has nonce of: 94 This implies that your transaction contains a nonce…

Whenever you are writing smart contracts in Solidity, you must be cognizant of how your variables and data are handled by the EVM. The choices you make will influence, among other things, gas costs — to call your functions or deploy your contract — as well as storage layout. Given…

Know how the top DeFi protocol works under the hood — Welcome to the in-depth DeFi series! This series will be composed of several posts; each one will consist of an explanation of an individual protocol. The main purpose of this series is to understand from a first-principles approach how the top DeFi protocols work under the hood. We will review…

Treasure. (For Warriors) is the future of on-chain NFT Projects. Designed with inspiration from Loot which had a great start and concept. We launch Treasure with the goal of building the most complex yet fun RPG game based on algorithmically generated loot, instead of generic art. TreasureVerse will be born and Treasure. (For Warriors) & Warriors. (By Treasure) will be the foundation of the game. —

DeFi protocols such as Uniswap, SushiSwap or PancakeSwap have experienced explosive growth in volume and liquidity. These liquidity protocols allow virtually anyone with funds to become a market maker and earn trading fees. A permanent loss occurs when you provide liquidity to a liquidity pool and the price of the…

This tutorial demonstrates how to secure a smart contract by transfering ownership of it to a Multisig Gnosis Safe, and then interacting with that contract using Hardhat and Ethers.js. Why does this matter? “Multisig” quite literally means that multiple signatures are required before certain actions can occur. For example, we…

We are excited to share that we led Q’s recent $12m funding round, which has recently launched their mainnet. Q is building a unique L1 protocol with a clear governance process, security that is based on several layers of diverse node operators and its constitution as well as legal enforceability…

Today I’m going to talk about Minimal proxy contracts (EIP-1167), how it works and its use cases. To begin, I want to clarify that EIP-1167 has nothing to do with the proxy pattern used for upgrade contracts. 1. What is a minimal proxy contract (EIP 1167) To simply and cheaply clone contract functionality in an immutable way, this standard…

Read how Polkadot Parachains are revolutionary to Defi — In this article, we are going to discuss what are the essential things we need to know about Polkadot Parachains and how these are revolutionary to DeFi. So let’s start with the basics! The Polkadot blockchain is one revolutionary technology in the blockchain ecosystem as it differs from other existing…

Blockchain technology has come a long way since 2008 when the Bitcoin white paper was published. Since then, an explosion of blockchain networks has been created, with a huge variety of designs and intended functionality. One of the key value propositions of blockchain technology revolves around the promise of decentralization…

TL;DR The Polygon Bridge allows users to quickly transfer ERC tokens and NFTs to the Polygon sidechain. There are primarily two bridges on Polygon, the Proof of Stake (PoS) Bridge and the Plasma Bridge. …

Step by Step Guide To Run an Avalanche Node — In this article, I’ll show you how to run an Avalanche Node. Avalanche is a blockchain ecosystem that aims to become a globally unified asset exchange platform. It allows businesses to easily deploy customizable smart contracts and blockchains for bonds, securities, NFT, P2P lending, and other financial products. A unique…

What are ZKsnarks and how do they work? ZKSnarks also known as: Zero Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive Arguments of Knowledge, are fast computational zero knowledge proofs that allow you to demonstrate things without giving any info and even without the need of interactions between the proofer and the verifier. Let’s see an example. Bob wants to demonstrate to Alex…

This article is part 1 of 2 part series that examines the storage mechanism of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Part 2 covers a storage decoding tool written using the concepts in this article. Ethereum Memory The EVM allows for the execution of smart contract code. The contract state or memory is…

Build a decentralized lending protocol from scratch with hardhat, Solidity and Typescript. Introduction Today we are going to learn how to build your own lending protocol, using Solidity, Typescript and Openzeppelin. First, I have to explain exactly what we are going to build and then jump right into the code. Second…

I no longer post directly on Medium; to view the latest copy of this article please go to https://www.wealdtech.com/articles/why-use-the-withdrawal-pattern/ The article Building Ethereum Payment Channels gave rise to the question of why closing a channel adds funds to a balance rather than simply returning funds to the channel participants. …